Purpose

Today's Grammar

どんな時どう使う日本語表現文型５００ (500 Essential Japanese Expressions)
Chapter 2 Part 1 目的 (Purpose). Expressions 1-2 are ２級 and 3-4 are１級. Example sentences are from the text but the translations are my own:

1. 　～ように = means in order to but doesn't express verbs of volition, but rather those of movement or of possibility.

「黒板の字がよく見えるように前の席に座りましょう。」
In order to see the words on the blackboard better, let's sit in the front seats.

2.　～上で = means in order to and is used to express what is important or necessary or useful to achieve something.

テレビは外国語の勉強の上でかなり役に立ちます。
Television is really useful for the study of a foreign language.

3.　～べく = again means in order to but this time expresses something done in the past in order to achieve a purpose.

彼女は新しい気持ちで再出発するべく、長野県の山村に引っ越して行った。
In order to make a fresh start with new feeling she moved to a rural town in Nagano prefecture.

4.　～んがため（に）・～んがための = A formal expression used to express some effort one makes to achieve some special purpose. Note that it is formed with the negative form of the verb but that する becomes せんがため.

研究を完成させんがため、彼は昼夜寝ずに頑張った。
In order to complete his research he worked day and night without sleep.